A leading voice from MIT, Nobel Prize-winning economist Daron Acemoglu, offers a different view on artificial intelligence’s impact on jobs. He states that AI may not change the workforce as quickly or widely as many believe. Most jobs, he suggests, will likely remain.
A Modest Economic Shift
Acemoglu estimates that AI may affect only about 5% of jobs. It might contribute around 1% to the global GDP. He calls these “guesses,” but stands by his prediction. Unlike past technologies like electricity or the internet, current AI tools have not deeply transformed how we create goods and services.
AI’s Current Limitations
Most current AI tools perform best in routine tasks. These include basic accounting or standard software functions. Such tasks do not cover the majority of human work. Much of human labour involves judgment, interpretation, and interaction. Acemoglu explains that real-world tasks need context and tacit knowledge. Machines still find these areas difficult. He also points out that today’s AI models imitate human decisions. This imitation, he argues, has its limits. “If you mimic a human decision-maker, you won’t outperform them,” he said.
Challenging the Hype
Acemoglu is doubtful that general-purpose AI, or AGI, will soon replace many cognitive jobs. He states, “If you’re a professor, a CEO, or a construction worker, your job is not disappearing in five years.” His comments differ sharply from a 2024 International Monetary Fund (IMF) report. That report warned 40% of jobs globally could be affected by AI.
Also Read: The Impact of AI on Creativity and Innovation
A Pro-Human Approach
Acemoglu calls for a more thoughtful direction in AI development. He believes AI should complement human skills, not replace them. “The best way forward is pro-human,” he advises. He urges business leaders not to follow the hype. Instead, they should focus on using their most important resource—their people—better. This approach ensures a balanced future of work.
